Friday, January 31, 2020

Image of the Native American Essay Example for Free

Image of the Native American Essay In this brief introduction, the image of Native Americans can perhaps be overly simplified that all Europeans treated them bad. That is not the case because many native people were friendly and wanted to share with their newfound friends. Somehow, the circumstances began to go wrong for some Europeans and natives. This essay will discuss three main points about the depiction of the natives and their relationship with the Europeans. A. Christopher Columbus story of dealings with the Native people in Hispaniola. B. Even Bradford discusses his first contact and the Indian’s aloofness. C. Additionally, the difference in the illustration of Native Americans compared to Columbus and Bradford. Unsurprisingly, Columbus made friends with some of the native tribes in Hispaniola, although many of his comrades resented his relationship with the native people. Those tribes did not show any antagonism or aggression towards the new arrivals in the beginning. Yet, the situation between the natives and the Europeans took a turn for the worst; the Europeans ordered them to relinquish all gold metal and to supply women from their tribes (Baym, 2008, p.24). As time passes, Columbus resurfaced in 1494 scrutinizing the untenable state of affairs of the natives forcefully submitting to an unruly and disagreeable group of settlers. This on-going problem with the Europeans brought no hope for the natives to establish a friendly and equal long lasting relationship. However, Columbus discussion of the problems in Hispaniola, were alike in various ways compared to Bradford’s account of the natives. Similarly, Bradford discussed their encounter with the Native American as fleeting in the beginning. Their search for other people like themselves proved unsuccessful because no other Europeans were in the surrounding area other than nearby Natives. Some Native people kept hiding or running away from Bradford and his party most likely having to do with earlier problems with infectious diseases (Baym2008, p. 64). As things began to progress for the Separates, some of their tools were stolen by the natives and was unable to retrieve them back until they met with a native that spoke a little English (baym, 2008, p. 68). This native was known as Samoset, who came directly into their place of dwelling and spoke have hearted English to communicate with the Pilgrims. Thereby, establishing an open relationship with the Natives, which brought a new beginning for â€Å"Thanksgiving† between the Pilgrims and native people through sharing and thanking God (Baym, 2008, p. 71). Nonetheless, the contrast was quite different in the â€Å"Contact and Conflict section† compared to Bradford and Columbus. Moreover, many Native Americans communicated and formed friendships with prominent leaders in the military. Military leaders such as Sir Jeffery Amherst and Henry Gladwin did not honor the same alliance the Natives had with the French because of their personal hatred (Baym, 2008, p. 207). However, this interpretation of the â€Å"Native American Contact and Conflict† (baym, 2008, p. 206) does differ from Columbus first contact and Bradford’s friendship with the natives. Despite the conflict with some of the high officials among the British military, the natives continued to remain friendly and neutral. Yet, the natives began conforming to the ways of the Europeans by reading and writing through Samson Aukom. As a result, he believed this would help his people to communicate effectively and have a closer relationship with God (Baym, 2008, p. 210). However, Pontiac dreamed his people had left their old ways and their French brothering for the new way of the British people. In Conclusion, the deceit and deception against the natives were not among all Europeans. A select few did not want the Native American people to live on the land the British wanted for the crown. Even the mutinous Spaniards tried forcing natives to submit, as slaves did not hold well with Columbus. Additionally, Bradford’s account reveal many times the native people could have been attacked, but later they were openly embraced to form long lasting friendships. Based on Nina baym’s account of the natives, not all native people were mistreated, but other Spaniards did mistreat some of the people. It was a time of curiosity and new territory for both sides, although they worked very hard to maintain their bond. Nonetheless, the relationship between the Native Americans has been rectified, although many died during a time of exploring and creating new foundations on both sides.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Essays --

Bearing in mind the aim of creating ranking criteria to support GPIC’s decision in choosing the most insurance company which it can rely on to pay its money back in case of a claim. Background research was initially performed to gain both knowledge and information regarding the Insurance industry in the Kingdom of Bahrain and worldwide. This knowledge in turn helped us to reach to our final deliverable. This criterion was based on a number of factors, to name them: †¢ Insurance company reputation both locally and worldwide †¢ Core business percentage & Insurance company area of specialty †¢ Nature of the insurance company, the question of is it a consolidated or non-consolidated company was the main concern. †¢ Insurance company performance based on specific ratios (detailed in the Financial analysis) †¢ Based communication networks so customers can reach them easily: available branches, online communications (website, e-mails), and clear communication lines including telephone numbers, faxes etc. Search Methodology and criteria formulation- Limitations and Difficulties: Before reaching t...

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Gallardo’s Goes To Mexico Business Analytics Essay

Situation: â€Å"Growing but not winning†- The US market for Gallardo’s sauces, salsas and seasoning had saturated. Having seen immense potential for its product, it entered the Mexico market in 2001. They have grown 20% every year, and their share has grown from 12% to 15%. They have positioned their products on the basis of the jobs carried out by customers, which was a success in the US. Despite all of their efforts to discover separate, distinct jobs to be done and to position their brand on these jobs, they are not growing fast enough and have not been able to overtake California. Gallardo tried to position itself as a distinctive aspiring brand that commanded a significant price premium, however this has not worked and they have not been able to differentiate their products from that of California. Gallardo’s discovered the job-to-be-done, the market leader already had a product in the market that could readily do the job. Objective: To formulate a winning strategy so as to make it a market leader in Mexico. Hypothesis: 1. Gallardo has not been very successful in forging a strong link in the consumers’ minds between the jobs carried out by them and Gallardo’s brand. 2. The communication strategy is a major challenge and there is a need to re-position the brand in the minds of the consumers. 3. Gallardo has not been able to provide value to Mexican women, who are very passionate about cooking. 4. Gallardo holds only 10% share in general trade which accounts for 90% of the overall sales of salsa, sauces and seasoning. Evaluation: 1. Gallardo 2. Gallardo has positioned itself as a product to get a job-done; however, it is equally important to consider the user while positioning the product especially where the demographics of the new market are so different from the company’s market in USA. As per the case, the women in advertisements were not representing the common women in Mexico. Hence, making the brand distant from its users. 3. Although Gallardo could picture the passion for cooking, it couldn’t provide the value to its consumers. This was mainly because of their premium pricing. For example, a small deficiency in California products can be compensated by a little amount of salt or pepper. For this minor adjustment, consumers didn’t find it justified to pay 30-40% more. They were not getting any additional value of the product offering. The product attributes and usage experiences required to do the â€Å"jobs† were not well distinguished from each other, further enlarging this gap. Their products were designed on experience, which the consumer was already having. In short, we can say that value propositions offered by Gallardo were not unique enough to sell it. 4. The figure of 10% shows that there was very less penetration in the general market. This needs to increase as it shows the huge amount of untapped market for Gallardo. This would include distribution and household penetration beyond urban.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Sears And Corporate Social Responsibility - 1272 Words

Sears and Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction At one time, Sears prided itself as â€Å"Where America Shops† by staying in touch with consumers and upholding high product, employer, and customer standards. Today, Sears is struggling to remain a prominent American retailer. The company’s present business model reflects a sub-par grasp of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Riddled with lawsuits, workplace issues, and a poor reputation with the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Sears consumers know today is undesirable. Lawsuits Product Lawsuits Several class-action lawsuits were recently filed against Sears and Whirlpool regarding certain Kenmore and Whirlpool front-loading washing machines sold between 2004 and 2006. These cases were filed after hundreds of customers reported mold growing in the unit, costing customers hundreds of dollars in either repairs or unit replacements. An estimated 450,000 Kenmore washing machines are affected, though Sears denies any negligence in the case. Though this cuts consumers’ already low customer satisfaction expectations, cases like this are routine amongst large retailers. An example of good CSR following an incident like this would be to admit fault and offer the affected consumers some sort of compensation for their troubles. Sears, however, denies any fault in the case, requiring affected consumers to file a class-action lawsuit in order to receive compensation. Sears’s actions reflect the company’s recentShow MoreRelatedSears And Corporate Social Responsibility 1336 Words   |  6 PagesSears and Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction At one time, Sears prided itself as â€Å"Where America Shops† by staying in touch with consumers and upholding high product, employer, and customer standards. Today, Sears is struggling to remain a prominent American retailer. The company’s present business model reflects a poor grasp of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Riddled with lawsuits, workplace issues, and a poor reputation with the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the SearsRead MorePESTEL Analysis of K-Mart1267 Words   |  6 Pageskey factors and trends in broader society. PESTEL Analysis gives a business the ability to break down the general environment into six different categories: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. By analyzing and studying each area, a company can create a strategy that most benefits them. Sears and K-Mart are two retail businesses that can gain from understanding the general environment through PESTEL Analysis. They could use it bad. One way to take a step forward isRead MoreMacys Past Performance Marketing Analysis1160 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the companys past performance marketing their product using the six pillars of the marketing code of ethics honesty, responsibility, caring, respect, fairness, and citizenship. Macys is one of the premier retailer franchises within the United States. To begin, Macys Inc. is one of the nations largest and well known department store chains. Started over 150 years ago, Macys has continually generated excellent returns for its shareholders and employees. Currently, in the midst of aRead MoreSears, Roebuck, and Co. the Auto Center Scandal2644 Words   |  11 PagesSEARS, ROEBUCK, AND CO. THE AUTO CENTER SCANDAL History and Introduction of Sear, Roebuck, and Co. Sears, Roebuck and Co began in the 19th century and sold farm supplies and consumer items as a small mail order company. The first Sears retail store opened up in Chicago on the 2nd February 1925 in the building named the Merchandise. This store had included a soda fountain and an optical shop. The first detached and separate retail store opened up on the 5th October 1925 in a city called EvansvilleRead MoreWhat is an organizational culture? Explain both how the culture of an organization might evolve and why an understanding of organizational culture is important?1577 Words   |  7 Pagesbe concerned with the way the leader started the organization; his drive, his vision and the band pioneers that surrounded him. (Clark,1972). There is the element of myths surrounding some of the organizational stories. The stories may present the social prescription of how things are done here. An example is at Hewlett-Packard. The stories surrounding Bill and Dave were stories that emphasized an d legitimated the management philosophy of the company. Hewlett-Packard was founded in the 1940s in theRead MoreWalmart Profile Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Profile: Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. The position Wal-Mart holds gives the company a large responsibility to contribute to the community that supports the stores. As an organization Wal-Mart owes its success to the stake holders of their business. Wal-Mart requires the community to continue business operations, Trevino and Nelson state that â€Å"a major stakeholder in business must be the communities of which corporations and other organizations are a part†Read MoreSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesrole of social responsibility in business organizations and society. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohen’s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. Furthermore, this paper will provide a frame of reference on corporate social responsibility and business ethics presented in other research. Social Responsibility Defined Cohen, 2009 wrote in his article that Drucker defined social responsibilityRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Milton Friedman1083 Words   |  5 Pagespreached against corporate social responsibility as a goal to American businessman. His concepts, and arguments, has been their foundation for fiscal success thereby generating end-profit for shareholders. However, over the past 40-years, financiers have realized not only do they owe earnest to their shareholders but also their customers. The government and society have both found roles to play in the future of big business in America. That-being, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has provenRead MoreThe Relationship between Large Retailers in Developed Countries with Factories in Developing Countires1747 Words   |  7 Pagesand use others’ resources that may not be as readily available in the company’s home country. The Tuba Group, a garment exporter based in Bangladesh, is a major manufacturer for large re tailers based in the United States such as Walmart, K-Mart, and Sears (Inkpen, 2013). Tazreens Fashion Limited, which is a subsidiary (also based in Bangladesh), owned a factory located near the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. The factory produced apparel items such as polo shirts, t-shirts, and jackets (Goodman, 2012)Read MoreGeneral Electric Under Jack Welch999 Words   |  4 PagesDescription: General Electric under Jack Welch        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GE should have applied their corporate social responsibility duty as stated by General Robert E. Wood in the Sears Annual report for 1936; he said â€Å"the chief constituencies of the company—customers, the public, employees, sources of merchandise supply, and stockholders. Stockholders being last as they could not attain their â€Å"full measure of reward† unless the other groups were satisfied first.† Ironically, after Welch’s retirement

Sunday, December 29, 2019

Reaction Paper on the Blind Side - 1472 Words

Plot Summary for The Blind Side (2009) It was based on the true story of Leigh Anne and Sean Tuohy who take in a homeless teenage African-American, Michael Big Mike Oher. Michael has no idea who his father is and his mother is a drug addict. Michael has had little formal education and few skills to help him learn. Leigh Anne soon takes charge however, as is her nature, ensuring that the young man has every opportunity to succeed. When he expresses an interest in football, she goes all out to help him, including giving the coach a few ideas on how best to use Michaels skills. They not only provide him with a loving home, but hire a tutor to help him improve his grades to the point where he would qualify for an NCAA Division I athletic†¦show more content†¦Dorsey | ... | Big Tony Hamilton (as Omar Dorsey) | (Source: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0878804/plotsummary) Groups Reflection about the Movie: This one is a true story of a black boy which is Michael Oher (Quinton Aaron) – a homeless, no family and uneducated whose father was murdered and his mother was a crack addict was then adopted by a rich family which is the Tuohys’’. Sean Tuohy (Tim McGraw) was the head of the family, Leigh Anne Tuohy (Sandra Bullock) was the mother of two children SJ and Collins. This family was known, rich and a happy one. They are all engaged in sports and support each other’s endeavors and loves football! Leigh Anne was the first to see the needs of Michael Oher and adjusted to that needs, and eventually by the goodness of her heart and sympathy of what Michael’s life was before she decided to convince her husband to adopt Michael. They sent him to Wingate Christian School for secondary education but he felt discriminated by his schoolmates and even his teachers. But because of Mrs. Tuohy’s kindness, courage and positive attitude, she never gave up on Michael. She treated him as her real son and made him join the School’s football team which they discovered that he has extraordinary athletic skills. Her encouragement and love for Michael made him realized that he can be a better person and learned the game of football and later became a star player and he was offered by different state colleges for college scholarship.Show MoreRelatedFilm Mask Film Analysis1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfinish his studies with top honors. However, in spite of the excellence of plot a nd cinematography of the said film, this paper will instead focus on Diana Adams, a beautiful but blind lady with whom Rocky experienced his first romantic affair. Specifically, this paper will establish that Diana, despite having her visual impairment, she lives life to the fullest as if she is not blind; that other people have reciprocated her strength and independence by treating her as a normal and an emotionally-healthyRead MoreStereotypes in Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesAlso, with respect to the blind, many of the stereotypes, especially negative ones, have stemmed from generalizations formed about the handicapped population as a whole (Kemp) and are often formed subconsciously (â€Å"Stereotypes†). In the story the husband says he wasn’t looking forward to the visit from Robert. He had no idea who Robert was, other than a blind man his wife had worked for and befriended many years ago. He had no blind friends and had never interacted with a blind person. Because of thisRead MoreEffect Of The Stroop Effect On Accuracy, Time And Confidence Levels1286 Words   |  6 Pagesmeal type, and measured reaction time. They used a 2X3X2 factorial design; two categories of sociability, high and low; 3 levels of lunch, no lunch, snacks, and healthy lunch; and 2 genders, male and female. The participants were sorted into the groups, and were given a pre- and post- lunch treatment test. Introverts performed better on the Stroop test, as did those who skipped lunch, and females. This means that lunch type, gender, and sociability all have an effect on reaction time. SagaspeRead MoreAlex Is Not The Same !861 Words   |  4 PagesNainesh Patel Mr. Gittinger PHIL-1301-17 14 April, 2016 Paper # 2 Alex is Not the Same!!! In year 3014, Alex is chosen to go on the space mission where no one has gone before. On the spaceship, that Alex is using has a tele-transporter device. The device works as follows: you enter in a cubicle, where you press a button, a scanner records the states of all the cells in a brain and body, destroying both while doing so. This information is then transmitted to other planet, where a replicatorRead MoreInformative Research Papers998 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Question: In veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), does quetiapine monotherapy compared to placebo improve symptoms with tolerable adverse reactions? Search Strategy: A PubMed search was conducted to locate primary literature on the use of quetiapine as monotherapy in veterans with PTSD. Search terms used were â€Å"quetiapine†, â€Å"monotherapy† and â€Å"PTSD† to ensure appropriate studies were retrieved by the search. Rationale for Selection of Literature: The literature selectedRead MoreWhat I Learned At My Senior Year I1018 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges from ethical conundrums to dealing with a serious illness in the family, made me contemplating the career path I was on. Pouring over research papers trying to figure out yet another method to drive a reaction to completion didn t satisfy me the way it used to. The fragmented approach I was taking ,with my intellectual interests on one side, and my desire to empower on the other felt increasingly disconcerting. I turned to family for guidance. With a cousin and brother almost out of residencyRead Morestudy guide Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesParasitism: one benefits from the other; taking over a host, (+/- reaction) (Ex: plasmodium apicomplexa taking over a human host causing malaria, tapeworm) Commensalism: one benefits and one doesn’t care, (+/0 reaction) (Ex: barnacles and whale ïÆ'   the barnacles stuck themselves on the whales front side to feed off small crustaceans that falls off the whales mouth) Mutualism: both species benefit and survive together. (+/+ reaction) (Ex: Pollen would spread by wind or bees. Bees would collectRead MoreMy Experience On Blank 31332 Words   |  6 Pagesdysplasia is a condition where a child is born with early development of the brain. With this condition, one common feature that it results in, is having optic nerves that lack development. This lack of development of the optic nerves leads to having a side effect of impaired vision, which impaired vision can become severely impaired. Due to this diagnosis and gaining an understanding of what a condition like it entails, served as my platform for developing a small educational session about learning BrailleRead More Public Art Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects that make public art an important addition to our communities, and there are also aspects that may be negative in the eyes of some. My love for art, as a whole, has a large affect on my acceptance of art in the public, but my love does not blind me to the reasoning as to why people may not agree with it. There are many different forms of what is to be considered public art. It can range from sculptors, paintings, murals, mosaics, graffiti, tagging, and even more. Many people often forgetRead MoreInstitutionalized Ritual in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1625 Words   |  6 Pagesslip of paper without looking at it. Once the names of all the villagers are called, everyone looks at their own slips of paper, even the woman and children. The villager with the black circle is the winner of that year’s lottery and as such, is chosen to die by stoning from the other villagers. It is important to note that The Lottery is written just after World War II, in the years following the holocaust. Jackson moves to reconstruct how Germans, at the time, were able to turn a blind eye and

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Please Stop Laughing at Me by Jodee Blanco - 1417 Words

Make a beginning This social issue has inspired many notable works in various forms such as literature, film and song. This includes the novel Please stop laughing at me by Jodee Blanco, the film Bully written and directed by Lee Hirsch, and in the form of lyrics from artists such as Jessie J, Lady Gaga and Eminem. The novel, Please Stop Laughing at Me by Jodee Blanco, is a memoir based on the bullying that went on throughout her years being school. (Take about the beginning- reunion) It all began when Jodee was in grade 5 and had offered to volunteer with the special needs students in her school. Jodee began to hang out with one of these students after school and Jodee’s friends told her that if she continues to hang out with the†¦show more content†¦Making it through life’s struggle is a difficult aspect that many should go through, struggle needs to occur to achieve perseverance. Struggle is shown in the novel Please Stop Laughing at Me as a girl named Jodee Blanco is bullied throughout many stages of her life. Jodee went through many struggles in her life, which included identity struggle. Jodee did not like the way she was and she wanted to be like everybody else but she could not do it. In her memoir she says: â€Å"You can’t escape who you are. You can deny it, even run from it, but you can never, ever escape from it. Most people were ashamed of the bad parts of themselves. I [Jodee] was ashamed of my good qualities. Maybe being strong would serve me well when I grew up, but it was destroying my life now. Why couldn’t I be like other teenagers? Why did I feel so damned responsible all the time? Other kids didn’t fret over the things that worried me. It had taken me an entire summer to prove that I could make friends, I would have to learn with guilt.† (Blanco 106) Jodee’s thoughts show that she is unsure who she wants to be, should she be who she really is or the same as everybody else. This thought occurs because in the past whenever Jodee would stand up for what she believes is right, she ends up getting bullied. She feels that if she were to be like everyone else she will fit in, but whenever she tries to be like everyone else the good in her comes out and gets bullied once again. TALK ABOUT MOVIEShow MoreRelatedPlease Stop Laughing At Me1467 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Please Stop Laughing at Me† is an autobiography based around Jodee Blanco’s life as a bullied child and teenager. It follows Jodee’s thoughts and experiences from fourth grade through high school and then skips to her high school reunion, which is further set in her forties. Blanco s original purpose for publishing this book was to show adolescents and young adults the short and long term effects of bullying and is generally set by the idea that bullying harms victims more than you d actuallyRead MoreEssay on Effects of Child Bullying1066 Words   |  5 Pagesit through the night. I asked Hailey, â€Å"What would cause him to want to do such harm to himself?† Hailey replied to me â€Å"that he was just different Mom; no one liked him because he was different, and Nick was made fun of everyday, for his unusual sock choices and for being bi-sexual.† As she started to recall events that had taken place the day before in her band class she said t o me â€Å"Mom, I wonder how my band teacher feels today after hearing this news. He really gave Nick a hard time for not knowing

Friday, December 13, 2019

Anthro Assignment Free Essays

Anthropology 100Dr. Judkins Fall 2012 Writing Assignment by Christina O’Shea In the early twentieth century, Arnold van Gennep, a French ethnographer, wrote â€Å"The Rites of Passage† in which he describes the process of changing social states of being. This one theory has certainly made a deep impact on anthropological thought due to the fact that it can be applied to a number of situations, both past and present, in which transitions are made. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthro Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can also be used as an educational tool for people to use so that they can have a better understanding of the practices of many different cultures. In fact, many examples of the theory of Gennep can be found in ethnographic autobiographies, such as â€Å"Sun Chief: The Autobiography of a Hopi† by Don C. Talayesva. â€Å"Sun Chief: The Autobiography of a Hopi† is the story of Don C. Talayesva, a man raised as a Hopi Indian and then trained as a white man. Written from his point of view, the autobiography allows the reader to have a better understanding of Hopi culture as Don shares the story of his life. At one point in the work, Don mentions a particular moment in his life when he decided to join his father on a salt expedition to Little Grand Canyon. I can honestly say that when I first read of the salt expedition of Don, I did not really think much of it. I believed that the reason that this event was even mentioned was to describe to the reader the method that the Hopi Indians used to acquire salt. However, after learning the rights of passage theory of Arnold van Gennep, I began to realize that this journey became more to do with initiation rather than nutrition. In â€Å"The Rites of Passage†, Van Gennep explains that a rite of passage has three phases that are handled through ritual and a symbolic code by which we understand meaning. The first phase is called the â€Å"separation† phase in which you remove yourself from a former social status. In â€Å"Sun Chief†, one example of how Don used this phase while on the expedition was before the journey even began. Don states that on the morning of the expedition, â€Å"the War Chief sprinkled a corn-meal path, placed a feather upon it with the breath line pointing westward†¦each of us stepped on the â€Å"road-marker,† and the expedition was under way†. Throughout the journey, Don describes the ultiple customs of must perform while on the salt expedition in which he and his traveling companions pay respect to the ancestors and the gods which allowing Don to grow more spiritually, thereby preparing him for his transition. Following in the tradition of his ancestors, Don carves his clan emblem on a rock in order to pay respect to Hopi salt gatherers from years passed. At the shrine of the Salt Woman, Don also has intercourse with the sh rine as a prayer for health and an increase in offspring. Since it was his first expedition, Don had to strip completely naked beforehand. While reading of the various tasks that Don had to complete on his journey, I realized that the amount of commitment that Don had to these preparations reminded me of how I felt as I was preparing to receive the sacrament of Confirmation. By deciding to be a candidate for Confirmation, I, like Don, chose to follow in the footsteps of my parents and grow more spiritually. In order to be â€Å"confirmed†, I had to complete various activities to prove that I should become an adult member of the Catholic Church. The second phase of passage is called the â€Å"liminality† or â€Å"transition† phase is essentially the middle point where the actual transformation takes place. When Don arrives at the kiva â€Å"and the hole through which mankind emerged†, since this was his first salt expedition, he is given the task by the War Chief to reach down into an empty cavity, where the kiva was connected, while holding a prayer feather sprinkled with corn meal in his hand. In exchange for the feather, the spirits, traditionally, will give to Don the coveted yellow clay that, Don states, â€Å"is always used for paho making†. Without fear Don reached down, while being held securely by his father and the War Chief, into the hole and, while letting go of each feather, drew handfuls of clay. During this, Don states â€Å"I could feel the presence of spirits below, who accepted the feather and gave me clay†. After depositing the feathers and praying, Don and his companions proceeded to a small fountain, high atop which was a cupped top overflowing with salt that they proceeded to gather for themselves and for the Salt Woman. While reading of the spiritual connection that Don experienced, I remembered that which I received during my Confirmation ceremony. I had spent months preparing for this moment and now, at long last, there I was, wearing my red robe sitting in the pew in front of the church, waiting for my name to be called. Finally, when I was called by the bishop to come to him in front of the alter, I, like Don, showed no fear as I rose out of the pew and walked down the aisle of the church with my back to the congregation. After being called by the name of the saint that I chose to honor, I received a blessing from the bishop and was proclaimed a confirmed member of the Catholic Church. The third and final phase of passage is called the â€Å"re-aggregation† phase in which one re-enters society with their new status. In â€Å"Sun Chief†, when all of the needed salt is gathered, it is determined that the expedition is now over and Don and the others begin the journey home. As they pass the various shrines Don notices that his offerings had been viewed favorably by the spirits. Eventually, after distributing a large amount of salt to the Salt Woman, they reached Moenkopi and, after turning the â€Å"road-marker†, which they used in the beginning of their journey, eastward, they soon made their way back home to Oriabi. Don is asked by his father what he thought of the salt expedition. Don replies that it was â€Å"pretty tough† and he believes that the salt that they have gathered will not last them a year. His father replies that this is the way that most young men think now. After finishing Don’s account of the salt expedition, I could not help but sympathize with Don. After all of the steps that Don had to preform, Don probably thought that he would receive a larger amount of salt than he actually got. As I was preparing to receive Confirmation, there were times where I would be sacrificing time, which, at the time, I felt was more important and so, I began to wonder if all of these preparations were even worth going through. However, I soon realized that spiritual growth is not something that is just given to you; it is something that is earned. Therefore, the journey to that growth needed to be tough for it showed how much you wanted it. Throughout the process, I kept reminding myself that it would all be worth it and, in the end, it was. After being confirmed into the Catholic Church, I instantly felt the feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. I was now officially an adult member of the Catholic Church. I also felt that through this sacrament, I had grown more spiritually and that my relationship with God had grown stronger. In Don’s case, without question, he showed no fear as he performed each of the tasks and, though he did not think so at the time, all of the preparation was truly worth it. While on the expedition, Don paid tribute to both the spirits and the ancestors allowing him to grow more spiritually. Since Don participated in the expedition, his elders no longer consider Don a novice for he has now gained experience necessary to assist him in the future. By going on this salt journey, Don has shown his respect for his culture and how he honors the traditions and customs of his heritage. By using van Gennep’s rites of passage theory, the overall structure and true meaning of Don’s salt expedition has certainly become clearer. Using this information, I have also found that van Gennep’s theory cannot only be applied to the salt expedition, but to other life events of Don as well. Other instances in â€Å"Sun Chief† where van Gennep’s rites of passage theory can be applied are when Don was born, when he became married to Irene and when he was initiated into the Wowochim society. By showing me how Don’s journey of spiritual growth resembled my own, I can now say that van Gennep’s, surprisingly universal, theory has allowed me to have a better understanding of Don’s culture. Works Cited 1. Talayesva, D. (1942). Sun chief: The autobiography of a hopi. (p. 232-246). London, England: Yale University Press. How to cite Anthro Assignment, Essay examples